Learning Concept Map

Learning Essays:

• Active Learning
• Affective
• Arousal
• Artifacts
• Bloom's Taxonomy
• Competencies
• Declarative Knowledge
• Delivery
  • Game
  • Pedagogy
  • Simulation
• Design Approach:
  • Inquisitory
  • Expository
• Design Architecture
  • Exploratory
  • Directive
  • Guided Discovery
  • Receptive
• Diversity, Teams, and Training
• eLearning
• Flow
  • Cyclical
  • Linear
  • System
• Learner Experience:
  • Absorbing
  • Doing
  • Interacting
  • Reflecting
• Facts, Concepts, Processes, Procedures, Principles
• Glossary
• History of Learning
• Instruction:
  • Inductive
  • Deductive
• Learning Framework
• Learning Styles
• Learning Theories
• Learning Quotes
• Learner Self Ratings
• Media
• Memory
• Miller's Magic Number
• Perceptual Control Theory
• Performance Gap
• Self-Confidence
• Knowledge, Skills, & Attitudes (KSA)
• Transfer of Learning
• Two Dimensional Modeling

Learning: Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes (KSA)

KSA are the abilities and characteristics that enable a job holder to accomplish the activities described in a task statement that describes what the job holder does (Quinones, Ehrenstein, 1997).

In a learning environment, cognitive, psychomotor, & affective are KSA's counterparts that identify end states of training (objectives).

Learning Outcome Typology (Kraiger, et al., 1993)

1. Cognitive (knowledge)
   • Verbal Knowledge - factual and declarative knowledge (propositional knowledge) knowledge
   • Knowledge Organization - how information and concepts are mentally arranged
   • Metacognitive Strategies - allocation and regulation of cognitive resources
2. Skill-Based (psychomotor)
   • Compilation - routine development and procedure linkage
   • Automaticity - ability to perform a task without Conscious monitoring and with other tasks
3. Affective (attitudes)
   • Attitude - attitude about learning, self-efficacy, perception about ability to perform, and goal setting
   • Motivation - motivational disposition

Next Steps

For more detail on the above typology, see Learning Outcomes.

What does the A in KSA really mean — Attitudes or Abilities?

References

Kraiger, K., Ford, J., Salas, E. (1993). Application of cognitive, skill-based, and affective theories of learning outcomes to new methods of training evaluation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 311-328.

Quinones, M.A. and Ehrenstein, A. (1997). Training for a Rapidly Changing Workplace: Applications of Psychological Research. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, p. 154.

Notes